The world of anti-aging just received another big breakthrough; it’s an enzyme called Telomerase. What does this enzyme do exactly, you ask? In normal human cells there exists something called the hayflick limit. Normally, every time a cell divides the DNA sequences found at the end of chromosomes (telomeres) shorten; this ultimately leads to cellular degeneration, which results in aging. Telomerase works by repairing the ends of DNA sequences, thereby extending the life cycles of individual cells and by extension, the person. In fact, shortened telomeres are now being linked to a whole host of various illnesses; some associated with aging some not. These could include Alzheimer’s, osteoporosis, and diabetes. It is even thought that telomerase may be able to aid researchers in discovering a cure for cancer. In a recent study conducted by scientists it was found that when Telomerase was administered to mice, the lifespan of the animal was extended while cancerous elements were suppressed beyond the life of the animal. Telomerase is an enzyme composed of protein and RNA subunits that extends chromosomes by adding additional sequences to the end of them. Where is Telomerase found? It is found in fetal tissues, adult germ cells, as well as tumor cells. Once telomerase is activated within a cell, the cell will continue on growing and dividing. This perpetual cell theory is important in both aging and cancer research. Cancer cells are also known as malignant cells; they continue to multiply until they coalesce into a tumor, which then becomes unstable. Telomerase has been discovered in human cancer cells where it is found to be many times more active than it would be in normal cells. Essentially, this is what provides the fuel for many tumors and cancers. If there was a way to effectively turn off the telomeres in cancerous cells, their life spans would shorten significantly. Telomerase offers the possibility that one day human cells could proliferate indefinitely. This would greatly slow down the aging process, perhaps even making it possible for people to live many years beyond what was previously thought possible. Resources / links:
- http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101128/full/news.2010.635.html
- http://www4.utsouthwestern.edu/cellbio/shay-wright/intro/facts/sw_facts.html
- http://www.curebum.com/reneuve-telomerase-enzyme/
- http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2009/press.html
- http://ouroboros.wordpress.com/2008/11/16/telomerase-expression-slows-aging/
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